how does admiral spruance explain the us victory at midway quizlet

It was June 4, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance and Admira Fletcher had to engage four Japanese ships in the Battle of Midway. My personal congratulations. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his . He presided over US Forces in the Pacific during two decisive Allied victories: the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the 1944 Battle of the Philippines Sea. "Well, pick it up and put it back," was Spruance's measured response.[8]. Retiring to Pebble Beach, CA, he died there on December 13, 1969. More to his liking was the study of foreign methods of naval fire control, which took him to London and Edinburgh. Shortly before his retirement, Spruance received the following Letter of Commendation from the Secretary of the Navy: Your brilliant record of achievement in World War II played a decisive part in our victory in the Pacific. Early on the morning of Thursday, June 4, 1942, Nagumos carriers launched a 108-plane strike against Midway and inflicted Admiral Chester W. Nimitz called him a fine man, a sterling character, and a great leader, and said, nothing you can say about him would be praise enough. US Naval Task force under Raymond Spruance with 2 carriers, Enterprise and Hornet. Although some historians and many newsmen have written many words about Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy and his brilliant career in the Pacific in World War II, the complete story of this reserved and self-effacing man . He loved to show them to visitors. He never smoked, and drank little. He did not discuss his private life, feelings, prejudices, hopes or fears, except with his family and his closest friends. But due to a printing error on the executive calendar of nominations, Spruance was officially promoted only to his former rank of vice admiral. Yorktown and Task Force 17 were under the command of Rear Adm. Frank Jack Fletcher. A squadron of US Dive bombers which had arrived late after getting lost ambush the Japanese carriers bombing and resulting in the sinking of three out of four carriers. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. All three were eventually scuttled. Shortly before leaving the Naval War College and retiring from the Navy on July 1, 1948, Admiral Spruance received a letter of commendation from the secretary of the Navy that read: Your brilliant record of achievement in World War II played a decisive part in our victory in the Pacific. The young, ambitious officer was then assigned to Bainbridge, U.S. destroyer No. Web. Aboard the Japanese flattops, many torpedo-carrying planes were waiting for fighters to take off as the American planes dived. He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. He was commissioned an ensign in 1908, and during a tour of shore duty he took a postgraduate course in electrical engineering in Schenectady, N.Y. Both commanders hoped for a classic battle with the Imperial Japanese Navy, but only Mitschers carrier planes were able to reach the enemy. After serving aboard the battleship Iowa, Spruance went on a world cruise aboard the battleship Minnesota. Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat fighters, Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers and Douglas TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers thundered off the flight decks and rose to search for the enemy carriers. Spruance's achievements were acknowledged by the unique distinction of a special act of Congress awarding him Admiral's full pay for life. After the enemys raids on Midway, Admiral Spruance ordered the launching of every possible plane to search for and attack the Japanese carriers. His work would bring him a gold star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal. US Navy SBD dive bombers at the Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942. Naval Academy in 1906 and from the Naval War College in 1927 where he taught for a few years. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II.A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. I am lazy, and I never have done things myself that I could get someone to do for me. For exceptionally meritorious service During the Midway engagement which resulted in the defeat of and heavy losses to the enemy fleet, his seamanship, endurance, and tenacity in handling his task force were of the highest quality., (Citation on Rear Admiral Spruances Navy Distinguished Service Medal, awarded for his conduct at the Battle of Midway). While in that capacity he assumed additional duty as a member of the board on doctrine of aircraft in connection with fleet fire control. He envied no one, rivaled no man, won the respect of almost everyone with whom he came in contact, and went ahead in his quiet way, winning victories for his country.When we come to the admirals who commanded at sea, and who directed a great battle, there was no one to equal Spruance. Morison, "Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions: May 1942 August 1942". The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific War. In October 1946 he was awarded the Armys Distinguished Service Medal for his exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services during the capture of the Marshall and Mariana islands. He was then ordered to the China station, with sea duty aboard the battleship Connecticut and the cruiser Cincinnati. To the Aleutians, the Japanese dispatched an invasion task force of three transports carrying 2,400 troops, supported by two heavy cruisers, a two-carrier support force and a covering group of four battleships. During the joint operations leading to the assault and capture of the important enemy bases, complete integration of Army and Navy units was accomplished under his outstanding leadership, enabling all the forces to perform their closely co-ordinated missions with outstanding success.[24]. >The fleet units shielding the Marianas invasion forces were also under Spruances command. [32] Wouk writes in his book that "Spruance escaped [the Japanese fleet admiral] Yamamoto's terrible trap by acting on perfect military instinct. The enemy units were forced to withdraw their battered aircraft carrier Shokaku, while the Americans had to abandon the old, cherished carrier Lexington. Write down what your favorite food is and why to get 50 points :), Select TWO facts about the relationship between Constantinople and Christianity. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . His steady rise, according to Newsweek magazine, has borne the imprint of his personalityunobtrusive but undeviating. About his intellect he was equally unpretentious: "Some people believe that when I am quiet that I am thinking some deep and important thoughts, when the fact is that I am thinking of nothing at all. The other U.S. flattop, Yorktown, escaped with one bomb hit. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz,, Commander in Chief, Pacific, (right) and, Admiral Raymond Spruance, Commander, Central Pacific Force, (center) Tour Kwajalein Island, Marshalls, February 5,1944, following its capture. Analyzing Information How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory The Japanese lost 19 ships sunk, seven probably sunk and more than 200 aircraft destroyed, and their installations were bombed and strafed. Lieutenant Commander Maxwell Leslies VB-3 from Yorktown attacked the carrier Soryu. Raymond A. Spruance emerged from the battle one of the greatest admirals in American naval history". The Navy, by law, was limited to four Fleet Admirals; three of these appointments were obvious: Ernest King, Chester Nimitz and William Leahy. Akagi was lashed by bombs, which exploded torpedoes that were being loaded onto her planes, and the crew abandoned ship. Serving in Manila, Spruance remained abroad until resigning his post in 1955. It Didnt End Well. Photograph Courtesy of the US Naval History & Heritage Command. Admiral Spruance could have been right. He was survived by his wife and a daughter, Mrs. Gerald S. Bogart of Newport, R.I. His only son, Navy Captain Edward D. Spruance, who served for 30 years, was killed in a car accident in Marin County, Calif., in May 1969. Historian Morison later described Spruances performance at Midway as superb. Spruance's first duty assignment was aboard the battleship USSIowa, an 11,400 ton veteran of the SpanishAmerican War. Hickman, Kennedy. Admiral Raymond Spruance on the balcony of the U.S. Embassy, Manila, while serving as U.S. He disliked personal publicity and had a reputation for freezing reporters who invaded his privacy. ), honoris causa degree from Central Philippine University in 1955, an institution of higher learning founded by the American Baptist missionary, William Orison Valentine in 1905. Carrier units of his force penetrated waters of the Japanese homeland and Nansei Shoto. [25], Spruance was President of the Naval War College from February 1946 until he retired from the Navy in July 1948. Japanese Vice Admiral in command of the Japanese Carrier strike force based on the Aircraft Carrier IJN Akagi. That same month, he directed Operation Hailstone which saw American carrier aircraft repeatedly strike the Japanese base at Truk. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. (2021, July 31). Retribution was not long in coming. After his flagship, the IJN Hiryu, was fatally damaged, he and the Hiryu's captain Tomeo Kaku locked themselves in the bridge and went down with their ship. Japanese fleet in charge of landing army units on Midway. For his actions, Spruance received the Distinguished Service Medal and, later that month, Nimitz named him as his Chief of Staff and Aide. Some people asked why he did not take take advantage of the chaotic scene to attack all of Japans air carriers. His chance would come. On February 26, 1940, Spruance reported as commandant of the 10th Naval District with headquarters at Naval Station Isla Grande in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Always calm, always at peace with himself, Spruance had that ability which marks the great captain to make correct estimates and the right decisions in a fluid battle situation. He was dragged out of his flagship Akagi before it sank against his will. In July 1941, his responsibilities were expanded to include oversight of the Caribbean Sea Frontier. Spruance died in Pebble Beach, California, on December 13, 1969, and was buried with full military honors at Golden Gate National Cemetery near San Francisco. By 1939, at the age of 53, Spruance had spent 18 years at sea. He decided to launch the planes from Enterprise and Hornet when they were about 175 miles from the enemys calculated position instead of postponing takeoff for another two hours in order to diminish the distance.

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