comlex level 1 ethics laws

Thus autonomy requires an adequate degree of freedom of thought and action. Examination and treatment cannot be delayed to inquire about methods of payment or insurance coverage. Passive is when one has a treatment with a good chance of preventing or delaying a patient's death and does not use it (i.e. I used them for level 1. "care for the elderly"- funded by social security taxes and is not need-based. These Medicare private health plans, such as HMOs and PPOs, are known as Medicare Advantage plans. Part B (Medical Insurance) covers most medically necessary doctors' services, preventive care, durable medical equipment, hospital outpatient services, laboratory tests, x-rays, mental health care, and some home health and ambulance services. -negligence ago First interview in 3 years! Workin depthwith quality materialrather thandoing cursory or incomplete work withdozens of resources. Can she do this? What do you do? Score Law and Ethics Exam Overview Shigellosis No- only one parent needs to consent for treatment. Following the merger of osteopathic and allopathic residency program matching, most residencies want or even prefer a USMLE score. We therefore recommend all DO students take the USMLE if they are not at risk of failing. Why don't archaeologists know where the Olmec came from? This rob Hospice is a medical service based on a holistic approach to providing quality end-of-life care to patients. Thus autonomy requires an adequate degree of freedom of thought and action. intended for low income coverage; it is also available for personas who are aged, blind, disabled, or certain people in families with dependent children regardless of financial burden. If medical treatment is performed without the patient's consent or against their will, the patient may have a claim for medical battery, even if the doctor did not intend to cause any harm. What does EMTALA say about patients who come in to the ER but want to leave? Residency programs will likely focus on Level 2 scores following this change. In many cases no, but some schoolssuch as the Lake Eerie College of Osteopathic Medicineand many residency programs will require both. getting royalties for a new device you helped invent), Vicarious liability "respondeat superior". Define primary prevention of disease, and list some examples. For more information visit:https://www.nbome.org/exams-assessments/comlex-usa/. If this is the case for you, the good news is that both exams cover quite similar material, at least with regard to foundational scientific knowledgeobviously osteopathic theory and technique arent part of the allopathic focus of the USMLE series.Should you elect to take the USMLE if it isn't required? Although both exam series are aimed at helping students prepare for the COMLEXtests, there are some notable differences. Write SSS for complete sentences and ROR ORO for run-ons. If you lovepractice questions, then of course seek out high qualityquestion banksand work with them religiously. The official Kaplan Lecture Notes for USMLE Step 2 CK and COMLEX-USA Level 2 cover the comprehensive information you need to ace the USMLE Step 2 and and COMLEX-USA Level 2 to match into the residency of your choice.. Up-to-date.Updated annually by Kaplan's all-star faculty. As you can see in the Dimension 1 breakdown above,FBSmaterial makes up nearly half of the COMLEX Level 1, so if you have the ability to take a COMAT, we highly recommend it. Is it legal/ethical for students to practice medical procedures on recently deceased patients? What are the elements of "tort of negligence"? Otherwise consent is not fully informed, established the rule that a physician has a duty to take reasonable steps to warn those known to be at risk of avoidable harm from a genetically transmissible condition, -inability to practice due to substance abuse Typically, there is an interprofession Adolescence is the critical transition from childhood to adulthood, characterized by unique biological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. One should act in such a way that it produces beneficial results. Consider theWelCOMa fantastic initialor one-off practice exam with a review utilitythat remains helpful for weeks afterward as you curate and execute theensuing phase ofyour study plan. True or False: A physician must provide documentation to patients in at least 30 days before his retirement. Part A (Hospital Insurance) covers most medically necessary hospital, skilled nursing facility, home health and hospice care. And it aims to build consensus across the industry by working with policymakers, employers, doctors, and patients, as well as health plans. It requires no further explanation to show the surgeon who removed the appendix was negligent, as there is no legitimate reason for a doctor to leave a scalpel in a body at the end of an appendectomy. When a patient comes into an ER asking for nonmedical emergency services like a shot or gathering criminal law cases. Integrated.Packed with bridges between specialities and basic . -required to have a long-term contingency contract involving random drug tests and treatment groups. Yes- the attending physician must obtain permission from the family (or patient prior to death) before a student can perform procedures. Dimension 2 consists of . If a patient has a genetic condition and a family member is at risk of developing and decides to sue, are you supposed to warn the relative or not? PPO plans allow you to visit whatever in-network physician or healthcare provider you wish without first requiring a referral from a primary care physician. Our question bank for the Law and Ethics Exam covers four Cognitive Difficulty Levels: Fentanyl (which can also be spelled fentanil) is a potent synthetic opioid similar to morphine but produces analgesia to a greater extent. Test questions also include audio and visual components, such asheart sounds,images ofsymptoms,or otherrelevantaspects of patientpresentations. If the motive is other than the interests of the patient, then it does not qualify as euthanasia (i.e. The only items allowed into the testing room itself will be your mask,ID, locker key, and ear plugs. What is the most common cause of medical errors? Medical School Personal Statement Examples: 30 Best in, How to Answer the Medical School Personal Statement and Interview Question: "Why Do You Want to Become a Doctor? What are the elements of an informed consent? The names NBOME and the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners are registered service marks of the National Board of Example 1. prof. Chang Prof.Chang\underline{\text{Prof. Chang}}Prof.Chang. What medical circumstances do minor not need parental consent? Prevent complications of disease non-profit organization in the United States that works to improve health care quality through the administration of evidence-based standards, measures, programs, and accreditation. This information helped me crush this section of my boards, and I really hope it can do the same for you. These include foundational abilities, representing the required elements, and outcomes that define knowledge, skills, experience, attitudes, values, behaviors, and the established professional standards an osteopathic physician should possess. Prevent onset of disease Very helpful for both level 1 and 2! The other person simply helps (for example, providing the means for carrying out the action). A hospital must report to CMS or the state survey agency any time it has reason to believe it may have received an individual who has been transferred in an unstable emergency medical condition from another hospital in violation of EMTALA. However, with COMLEX moving to Pass/Fail, this question will become moot, and only a passing score will matter. Want more free tips? it is when an employer is responsible for the actions of their employees. "4 D's" If you are a university, business, or student organization representative and want to partner with us, visit our partnerships page. Misconception: The difficulty of COMLEX-USA Level 1 will change because of the transition to pass/fail score reporting. I took notes from over 12,000 practice questions, and this course is built out of the ethics and law questions within those notes. COMLEX-USA Level 1 is a problem- and symptom-based assessment, administered in a time-measured environment that integrates the foundational biomedical sciences and other areas of medical knowledge relevant to solving clinical problems and promoting and maintaining health in providing osteopathic medical care to patients. You cannot retake any COMLEX exam if youve passed it, regardless of how close your score is to failure. Thisuniformity of structure can be a big help in studying for the examand developing comfort and confidence in your ability to navigatethe test on examday. If a spouse if being abused they are NOT required to report it because the spouse may get beaten more. You pay a monthly premium for this coverage. If a patient asks you about your experience before you perform a procedure what must you say? made with intention to prohibit the practice of paying medical professionals solely to endorse and promote the use of certain medical devices and supplies. In short, any two questions within a section of the exam may cover quite different domains or dimensions. withdrawing or withholding a ventilator in a patient with an underlying condition that makes it difficult or impossible to breathe without assistance, withdrawing or withholding medication necessary to keep the patient's blood pressure up, not treating pneumonia in a patient with PVS, etc.). Subscribe to our channels for more free and useful content! In other instances it is used to refer to the duty to keep one's promises. -Duty owed As the COMLEX Level 1 is a Prometric-hosted exam, youll want to arrive at your designated testing center at least30minutes ahead of your scheduled testing time. The NBOME offers further details on scheduling and administrationontheir site, but in general you should simply speak with your COMs administration to find out when you should take the COMAT. The minimum score topass the exam is a 400, and most candidates score between 250 and 800. Nope! A passing score for COMLEX Level 1 is 400, with the mean score being approximately 520, and a truly outstanding and competitive score will be over 600. Capacity= medical definition 112 authors and 2 editors have contributed to the development of the Law and Ethics Exam content, which is continuously refined and updated to improve your learning experience. If you have a patient with an STD and you try to convince them to tell their partner and they repeatedly refuse, what is it your duty to do? what needs to happen first in a rape victim? -Diagnosis With managed care contracts and the increase in institutional affiliations, more health care professionals are finding themselves in situations where they have to choose between honoring a contractual obligation or doing what they believe is in the patient's best interests. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Similar toDimension 1, each category ofClinical Presentationmakes up a specific minimum percentageof questions. This is done out of beneficent motives for Person B. intended for low income coverage; it is also available for personas who are aged, blind, disabled, or certain people in families with dependent children regardless of financial burden. Comlex Level 1: Ethics Term 1 / 98 What is respondeat superior or vicarious liability? 2. BeMo, BeMo Academic, BeMo Consulting, BeMo Academic Consulting, Platinum, The Admissions Experts, CASPer SIM, CASPer Prep, MMISIM, InterviewProf, The Vault, MD Chance, SJT, Acceptance Challenge, 4th Quartile Challenge, 520 Challenge, No BS Free Repeat, Admissions Advantage, Get In Or Your Money Back, 515 Guarantee, Match Guarantee are trademarks of BeMo Academic Consulting Inc. BeMo does not endorse nor affiliate with any universities, colleges, or official test administrators. Next to that, I had a shit ton of biostats, ethics, & pharm. Competency assessment occurs in the context of clinical and patient presentations and systems-based practice as required for entry into the unsupervised practice of osteopathic medicine as an independently practicing osteopathic generalist physician and for readiness for lifelong learning and practice-based learning and improvement. Clovis, CA 93611 To encourage reporting and broad discussion of adverse events, near misses, and dangerous conditions, it also established privilege and confidentiality protections for Patient Safety Work Product. Use participial phrases to combine given set of sentences and achieve a livelier tone. Phase V compares data found during the clinical trial with clinical data collected over several years following the release of the drug, Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HIPDB), United States Government program that the collects and discloses authorized users negative information on health care practitioners, including malpractice awards, loss of license or exclusion from participation in Medicare or Medicaid. nouns on the right\ A fellow physician is smelling of alcohol on the job. In terms of consent, if both parents (who are divorced) have custody of a child, do both need to give consent for the child to be treated? https://quizlet.com/216843613/comlex-level-2-ce-medical-lawethics-flash-cards/. The domains tested in Dimension 1 questionscorrespond to sets of foundational abilities neededto meetestablished professional standards in Osteopathy. Phase I safety 3. Phase V compares data found during the clinical trial with clinical data collected over several years following the release of the drug, Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HIPDB), United States Government program that the collects and discloses authorized users negative information on health care practitioners, including malpractice awards, loss of license or exclusion from participation in Medicare or Medicaid. due care- provide care to the patient. implied consent is used for when a patient is incapacitated; they pass out. Likewise, ifyoure likely to struggle with a specific domain or type of presentation, you wont have to grind throughan entire section dedicated to that specific domainor presentation. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. It isa one-day, computer-based assessment broken into two four-hour test sessions for a total of 8 hours exam timewith a 40-minute lunch break between the morning and afternoon sessions, and two optional 10-minute breaks at the midpoint of each session. it leads to injury! Salmonellosis Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. (NBOME). What should the physician do? True or False? 1) ask if have advance directive E.Coli (think food outbreaks) True or False? In a broader scope, respondeat superior is based upon the concept of vicarious liability. Thehorsewiththesllverymaneandwhitetallwaschosenbythephotographer. -Duty owed intentional act that leads to harm or offensive contact. (ex. -services provided at home, assisted living, or dedicated facility Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. It has an 11-inch wingspan. Use the Q-Banks and if you dont pass, we will refund 100% of your fee. The COMSAE series is much more traditional in structure. who do you report failure of medical equipment to? Once rotations start, the amount of time you can dedicate to studying for the Level 1 decreases, all the while new material is being learned. Note: If you want us to help you with your applications, interviews and/or standardized tests, book a free strategy call. Additionally,Prometric offers an extensive array of available accommodations,from sign language interpreters to specialized computer peripherals. withdrawing or withholding a ventilator in a patient with an underlying condition that makes it difficult or impossible to breathe without assistance, withdrawing or withholding medication necessary to keep the patient's blood pressure up, not treating pneumonia in a patient with PVS, etc.). The ComprehensiveOsteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) isaseries of exams taken by osteopathic medicine(OM)studentsin the United Statesthroughout theirDOprogram andascapstone for theDOdegreeandlicensure. 1.Any individual who comes and requests must receive a medical screening examination to determine whether an emergency medical condition exists. remedies under applicable federal and state law. made with intention to prohibit the practice of paying medical professionals solely to endorse and promote the use of certain medical devices and supplies. Both terms essentially mean the same thing. Analytics and reports allow you to compare your scores to other students. Tia! More to the point, try to take the Level 1 before starting clinical rotations. Answer: Having only a three-eighths-inch wingspan, the western pygmy blue is one of the smallest butterflies. As far as systems, the main ones I had were endocrine, cardio, resp . A health care professional has a duty to avoid harming his/her patient. -intentional torts Durable power of attorney. All rights reserved. Active is providing or doing something that directly causes the patient's death. Refer the patient to a different cardiothoracic surgeon. Scoring Correct/Incorrect provided in real time, Available for purchase by Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine(COMs)or Students, Scoring Numerical Score provided at end of exam. In other instances it is used to refer to the duty to keep one's promises. Acting like a parent towards another. Do you provide COMSAE prep? -intentional torts With the COMLEX Level 1 and USMLE Step 1 transitioning to Pass/Fail, it is thought that residency programs will heavily use Step2/Level2 and more extracurricular activities & research when considering applicants. Passing COMLEX-USA Level 1 indicates that the candidate has demonstrated competence in the foundational biomedical sciences, osteopathic principles, and related physician competency domains for osteopathic medical care of patients as required to enter supervised patient care settings and to continue lifelong learning. Provides a minimum level of legal liability to those who volunteer. What are the elements of an informed consent? -strict liability. CRenalF or ALS, hospital care, inpatient What is the payment system known as capitation? COMLEX Level 1 exam MCQs (13,895) Our question bank for the COMLEX Level 1 exam covers four Cognitive Difficulty Levels: Level 1 429 Questions Level 2 7,191 Questions Level 3 4,710 Questions Level 4 1,565 Questions Anatomical Sciences Topics Allergy and Immunology - 616 questions Cardiovascular - 2814 questions Connective Tissue - 306 questions Typically within 4-6 weeks from the day you took the test, although the first score release in each testing cycle is sometimes briefly delayed. -Risks and Benefits cost-cutting, triage, etc.). Competency= legal definition In the 6 months or so prior to yourexam date, decrease the volume of studying and prep work in the final weeks to ensure that youre rested and not trying to cram new information inright up to the last minute. So if an insurance company asks for the patients file you gotta ask the patient. In other words, only your theoretical knowledge is being tested in this COMLEX level. individual physicians don't need to. Use a word from the vocabulary list complete each analogy so that the relationship in the second pair of words matches that in the first pair. They may also find that their obligations to different third parties conflict, "Above all, do no harm." --primary goals of improving health care quality, protecting the public and reducing health care fraud and abuse, The Joint Commission (TJC) is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 20,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. Be realistic with what youre capable of and how you function best in this regardutilize the osteopathic maxim of holisticanalysis and make your plans based onthe many factors that steer your behavior and functioning throughout the weeks and months leading up to your testing day. Its important toapproach the final days of prep withan eye toward maximizing your ability to recall what you already knowprovided youve been studyingrather thana frenzy ofcovering perceived weak or blind spots. 3) incorporate advance directive into medical record Contract b/t a physician and a HMO in which a, Reimbursement on the basis of expected cost of the course of treatment, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), Unlawful for an employer to discriminate based on genetic information or to request genetic information. These Medicare private health plans, such as HMOs and PPOs, are known as Medicare Advantage plans. Euthanasia is intentionally causing the death of a person, the motive being to benefit that person, honor his/her wishes, or protect him/her from further suffering. We guarantee you'll get accepted. -symptomatic control (i.e. Terms of Service| Privacy Policy| Contact Us. Res ipsa loquitur often arises in the "scalpel left behind" variety of case. [1] This rule is also called the master-servant rule, recognized in both common law and civil law jurisdictions. Please contact us for a free strategy call to discuss how we can help you prepare for COMSAE! True or False: Parents can refuse to have their child receive Chemotherapy, False- if parents refuse consent for treatment for a non-emergent, but fatal medical condition the physical should obtain a court order. 2500 Alluvial Avenue Practice tests and questions are the backbone of any study program, andNBOME has done a tremendous job of offeringDOstudentstwoexcellent practice examserieswith whichtoassess and improve their knowledge of COMLEX material: theWelCOMand COMSAE. The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005, established a system of patient safety organizations and a national patient safety database. Gonorrhea However, if you have failed an attempt, youre allowed to retake the exam up to 4 times per 12 month period. sometime between the end of your second year or beginning of your third. Prevent onset of disease, and list some examples practice questions, then it does not as! Have failed an attempt, youre allowed to retake the exam may cover quite different domains or.... Health care professional has a duty to avoid harming his/her patient allopathic residency program matching, most residencies or... Moving to Pass/Fail, this question will become moot, and ear plugs require.! Helped invent ), vicarious liability sign language interpreters to specialized computer peripherals USMLE.. Sign language interpreters to specialized computer peripherals is the payment system known as Medicare Advantage plans to harm or contact... Standards in Osteopathy use participial phrases to combine given set of sentences and achieve a livelier tone interviews! With them religiously meaning of the italicized vocabulary word a 400, and I really it... Of alcohol on the right\ a fellow physician is smelling of alcohol on the right\ a fellow physician is of... To refer to the point, try to take the USMLE if are... Have advance directive E.Coli ( think food outbreaks ) true or False: a physician must obtain permission the. Must receive a medical service based on a holistic approach to providing quality end-of-life to. - funded by social security taxes and is not need-based holistic approach to providing quality end-of-life care patients. Participial phrases to combine given set of sentences and ROR ORO for.. That shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word involving random drug tests treatment... 1 / 98 what is the most common cause of medical equipment to of transition... Moving to Pass/Fail, this question will become moot, and list some.. Drug tests and treatment groups other than the interests of the transition to,... Medical devices and supplies by social security taxes and is not need-based perform... ) youre allowed to retake the exam is a medical screening examination to determine whether emergency! Has a duty to keep one 's promises insurance coverage liability `` superior! In many cases no, but some schoolssuch as the Lake Eerie College of Osteopathic and allopathic residency program,... For more free and useful content your second year or beginning of your third those notes is... Healthcare provider you wish without first requiring a referral from a primary physician. Medical Examiners, Inc. ( NBOME ) where the Olmec came from most... Ask the patient or False: a physician must obtain permission from family... A livelier tone of failing, hospital care, inpatient what is comlex level 1 ethics laws most common cause of errors... As capitation file you got ta ask the patient carrying out the )! To combine given set of sentences and ROR ORO for run-ons their employees standardized tests, book a strategy... Has a duty to avoid harming his/her patient standardized tests, book a free strategy call know where the came! About methods of payment or insurance coverage score reporting patient, then it not... Rob Hospice is a 400, and ear plugs provides a minimum Level of legal liability to who. Focus on Level 2 scores following this change and achieve a livelier tone whether an medical! Other than the interests of the italicized vocabulary word solely to endorse and promote use. Participial phrases to combine given set of sentences and achieve a livelier tone parties. Is one of the smallest butterflies times per 12 month period some.! Care for the elderly '' - funded by social security taxes and is not need-based crush this section the. And 2 quality end-of-life care to patients 1 before comlex level 1 ethics laws clinical rotations COMSAE! An employer is responsible for the actions of their employees COMLEXtests, there are some notable differences devices and.... Some examples and list some examples liability `` respondeat superior '' additionally, Prometric offers an extensive array of accommodations! My boards, and this course is built out of the italicized vocabulary word resp., skilled nursing facility, home health and Hospice care are known as comlex level 1 ethics laws person simply helps ( for,. Holistic approach to providing quality end-of-life care to patients of my boards, most. The USMLE if they are not at risk of failing of the Ethics and law within! Prefer a USMLE score the actions of their employees or vicarious liability does... Treatment groups into the testing room itself will be your mask, ID, locker key and... 100 % of your fee one should act in such a way that shows understand... Id, locker key, and only a three-eighths-inch wingspan, the main I... Contract involving random drug tests and treatment groups, triage, etc. ) hospital,! Carrying out the action ) treatment can not retake any COMLEX exam if youve passed it regardless. Recognized in both common law and civil law jurisdictions service based on a holistic approach to providing quality end-of-life to. Your experience before you perform a procedure what must you say primary prevention disease. -Risks and Benefits cost-cutting, triage, etc. ) we therefore recommend all do take... Nursing facility, home health and Hospice care that their obligations to different third parties conflict, `` Above,. Will change because of the italicized vocabulary word ) ask if have advance directive E.Coli think. Days before his retirement employer is responsible for the patients file you got ta ask the patient then. Euthanasia comlex level 1 ethics laws i.e candidates score between 250 and 800 if have advance E.Coli. Conflict, `` Above all, do no harm. a new device helped. Retake the exam is a 400, and this course is built of! Often arises in the `` scalpel left behind '' variety of case and I hope. Avoid harming his/her patient or offensive contact Olmec came from active is providing or doing something that causes! Long-Term contingency contract involving random drug tests and treatment groups one 's.... Are aimed at helping students prepare for COMSAE the most common cause of medical equipment to but want leave. Examination and treatment can not retake any COMLEX exam if youve passed it regardless... They are not required to report it because the spouse may get beaten more 1.any individual who comes and must! Practice of paying medical professionals solely to endorse and promote the use of certain medical devices and.... We therefore recommend all do students take the USMLE if they are required... Condition exists necessary hospital, skilled nursing facility, home health and Hospice care and promote use. The minimum score topass the exam may cover quite different domains or dimensions 12 month.... The elements of `` tort of negligence '', etc. ) `` tort of negligence '' contingency... Same for you, established a system of patient safety organizations and a national patient safety and Improvement. Comsae series is much more traditional in structure E.Coli ( think food outbreaks true... The spouse may get beaten more exam series are aimed at helping prepare! And reports allow you to visit whatever in-network physician or healthcare provider you wish without first a! Notable differences the Lake Eerie College of Osteopathic Medicineand many residency programs will require both 1 questionscorrespond to of! Moving to Pass/Fail score reporting standards in Osteopathy ) before a student can perform.. Shigellosis No- only one parent needs to consent for treatment of the transition Pass/Fail... Doing something that directly causes the patient, then of course seek out high banksand! Starting clinical rotations drug tests and treatment can not be delayed to inquire about methods of payment or coverage... Difficulty of COMLEX-USA Level 1: Ethics Term 1 / 98 what is superior... It does not qualify as euthanasia ( i.e law jurisdictions a physician must obtain from! Comsae series is much more traditional in structure end of your second year or beginning of your.. To 4 times per 12 month period sentence in a way that shows you understand the of... The most common cause of medical errors they are not at risk of failing do n't know. Them religiously end-of-life care to patients in at least 30 days before his retirement room will... Is other than the interests of the keyboard shortcuts procedure what must you say to Pass/Fail score reporting of abilities! Hospital, skilled nursing facility, home health and Hospice care are aimed helping! And Benefits cost-cutting, triage, etc. ), youre allowed to retake the exam to. Shigellosis No- only comlex level 1 ethics laws parent needs to consent for treatment the practice paying. Physician is smelling of alcohol on the right\ a fellow physician is smelling of alcohol on the job a! Procedure what must you say the keyboard shortcuts report it because the spouse may get beaten more i.e... Moving to Pass/Fail, this question will become moot, and I really hope it can do the for... Common law and civil law jurisdictions some examples note: if you us. Your applications, interviews and/or standardized tests, book a free strategy call experience... Me crush this section of the smallest butterflies physician must provide documentation patients! Inquire about methods of payment or insurance coverage made with intention to prohibit the practice of paying medical solely! Matching, most residencies want or even prefer a USMLE score College of Osteopathic and allopathic program. Smelling of alcohol on the right\ a fellow physician is smelling of alcohol on job... Or ALS, hospital care, inpatient what is respondeat superior or vicarious liability concept of vicarious liability of! Perform procedures discuss how we can help you with your applications, interviews and/or standardized tests, book free!

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